Artificial intelligence-mediated surgical center management: limitations, application, and opportunities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/ai2025201Keywords:
surgery, health management, educational artificial intelligenceAbstract
Introduction: The technological revolution is currently transforming healthcare services. Therefore, we set out to analyze how the application of artificial intelligence improves management processes in surgical centers, as well as the limitations and opportunities of its incorporation into healthcare services.
Methods: A literature review study was conducted to comprehensively analyze articles obtained from indexed databases such as SCOPUS, PUBMED, Scielo, and Latindex, using a combination of Boolean operators (AND and OR) with keywords in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. which was classified and organized in an Excel matrix for analysis according to the CASPe rubric guidelines, which facilitated the assessment of their scientific and academic quality.
Results: The healthcare system faces several challenges that hinder the incorporation of new technologies into its administrative, care, teaching, and research processes, considering investment, ethical dilemmas, lack of digital skills, and economic investment. However, their integration shows opportunities in terms of resource optimization, decision-making, lower margin of error in surgical interventions, and continuous postoperative follow-up.
Conclusions: Technological transformation enables effective management with the incorporation of artificial intelligence, which improves administrative and care processes in surgical centers. However, its use presents challenges in terms of the ethical, training, and operational gaps in AI, considering the variety of types available in the technology market, which requires more scientific evidence on the impact of these technologies on healthcare systems, professionals, families, and patients.
References
1. Organización Mundial de la Salud. La OMS publica el primer informe mundial sobre inteligencia artificial (IA) aplicada a la salud y seis principios rectores relativos a su concepción y utilización. 2021 [acceso 01/4/2025]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/news/item/28-06-2021-who-issues-first-global-report-on-ai-in-health-and-six-guiding-principles-for-its-design-and-use
2. Sunarti S, Fadzlul F, Naufal M, Risky M, Febriyanto K, Masnina. Artificial intelligence in healthcare: opportunities and risk for future. Gaceta Sanitaria. 2021. [acceso 03/04/2025]; 35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.12.019
3. Tuñon J, Helen H. Importancia de la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial en los servicios de salud en Panamá. Revista Científica de la Asociación Nacional de Enfermería Panamá. 2024. [acceso 09/04/2025]; 4 (1). Disponible en: https://revistas.anep.org.pa/index.php/edh/article/view/98#:~:text=Conclusi%C3%B3n%3A%20La%20IA%20tiene%20un,m%C3%A9dica%20para%20toda%20la%20poblaci%C3%B3n.
4. Petersson L, Larsson I, Nygren J, Nilsen P, Neher M, Reed J, Tyskbo D, Svedberg P. Challenges to implementing artificial intelligence in healthcare: a qualitative interview study with healthcare leaders in Sweden. Springer: Journal of Prevention. 2022. [acceso 04/04/2025]; 22 (850). Disponible en: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12913-022-08215-8
5. Galindo W, Hernando V, Hernando Eva. Usos, aplicaciones y connotaciones de la inteligencia artificial (IA) y la robótica en los servicios de la salud. Revista electrónica de Portales Médicos. 2020. [acceso 16/04/2025]; 15 (16). Disponible en: https://www.revista-portalesmedicos.com/revista-medica/usos-aplicaciones-y-connotaciones-de-la-inteligencia-artificial-ia-y-la-robotica-en-los-servicios-de-salud/
6. Secinario S, Calandra D, Biancone P. El Papel de la Inteligencia artificial en la atención sanitaria: una revisión estructurada de la literatura. Springer Nature. 2021. [acceso 18/04/2025]; 21 (125). Disponible en: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12911-021-01488-9 7.
7. Raraz J, Escobedo A, Raraz O. El impacto de la inteligencia artificial en la administración de la salud. Revista Perú Investigación Salud. 2023. [acceso 18/04/2025]; 7 (4). Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0213911120302788
8. Mejías M, Guarate Y, Jiménez A. Inteligencia artificial en el campo de la enfermería: implicaciones en la asistencia, administración y educación. Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología. 2022 [acceso 21/04/2025]; 2 (88). Disponible en: https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/salcietec/sct-2022/sct221cc.pdf
9. Basáez E, Mora J. Salud e inteligencia artíficial: ¿Como hemos evolucionado?. Medica clínica los condes. 2022. [acceso 22/ 04/2025]; 33 (6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmclc.2022.11.003
10. Hernández R, Fernández C, Baptista P, Metodología de la investigación. MCGRAW-HILL. 2014 [acceso 22/ 04/2025]. Disponible en: https://www.uv.mx/personal/cbustamante/files/2011/06/metodologia-de-la-investigaci%C3%83%C2%B3n_sampieri.pdf
11. Prado M, Souza M, Monticelli M, Cometto M, Gómez P. Investigación cualitativa en enfermería. Metodología y Didáctica. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. 2013 [acceso 22/04/2025]. Disponible en: https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/51587
12. Giordano C, Brennan M, Mohamed B, Rashidi P, Modave F, Tighe P. Accessing Artificial Intelligence for Clinical Decision-Making. Frontiers in Digital Health. 2021 [acceso 01/05/2025]; 3. Disponible en: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/digital-health/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2021.645232/full
13. Kohara L, Fernandes A, Tomaz L., Tomaz J. Business Intelligence no apoio à gestão estratégica em saúde: um relato de experiência. Revista De Epidemiologia E Controle De Infecção. 2023 [acceso 02/05/2025]; 12 (4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.17058/reci.v12i4.17422
14. Dicuonzo G, Donofrio F, Fusco A, Shini M. Healthcare system: Moving forward with artificial intelligence. Technovation. 2023 [acceso 02/05/2025]; 120. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166497222000578
15. Alowais S, Alghamdi S, Alsuhebany N. et al. Revolutionizing healthcare: the role of artificial intelligence in clinical practice. BMC Medical Education. 2023 [acceso 03/05/2025]; 23 (689). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04698-z
16. Zhang J, Zhang Z. Ethics and governance of trustworthy medical artificial intelligence. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2023 [acceso 03/05/2025]; 23 (7). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-023-02103-9
17. Enver S. Artificial intelligence and legal challenges. Revista Opinião Jurídica Fortaleza. 2022 [acceso 04/05/2025]; 20 (34). Disponible en: https://periodicos.unichristus.edu.br/opiniaojuridica/article/view/4329
18. Virk A, Alasmari S, Patel D, Kapel A. Digital Health Policy and Cybersecurity Regulations Regarding Artificial Intelligence (AI) Implementation in Healthcare. Cureus. 2025 2023 [acceso 03/05/2025]; 17 (3). Disponible en: https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/review_article/pdf/305123/20250415-327655-j9bit8.pdf
19. Schwalbe N, Wahl B. Artificial intelligence and the future of global health. The Lancet. 2020 [acceso 03/05/2025]; 395 (10236). Disponible en: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30226-9/fulltext
20. Dave M, Patel N. Artificial intelligence in healthcare and education. British Dental Journal. 2023 [acceso 03/05/2025]; 234. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-023-5845-2
21. Mustansir F, Delaneya J, Ceculaa P, Yua J, Peacocka I, Tana J, Cox B. AI in patient flow: applications of artificial intelligence to improve patient flow in NHS acute mental health inpatient units. Heliyon. 2021 [acceso 05/05/2025]; 7 (5). Disponible en: https://www.cell.com/heliyon/fulltext/S2405-8440(21)01096-3
22. Ahmed M, Barua S, Begum S. Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Reasoning in Health Informatics—Case Studies. Signal Processing Techniques for Computational Health Informatics. 2020 [acceso 08/05/2025]; 192. Disponible en: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-54932-9_12
23. Ahmad G, Piyush V, Zhang J, Fehervari M, Ashrafian H. Artificial Intelligence in Surgery: The Future Is Now. European Surgical Research. 2024 [acceso 08/05/2025]; 65 (1). Disponible en : https://karger.com/esr/article/65/1/22/894518
24. Gumbs A, Frigerio I, Spolverato G, Croner R, Illanes A, Chouillard E, Elyan E. Artificial Intelligence Surgery: How Do We Get to Autonomous Actions in Surgery? Sensors. 2021 [acceso 08/05/2025]; 21 (16). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165526
25. Bhattamisra S, Banerjee P, Gupta P, Mayuren J, Patra S, Candasamy M. Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Research. Big Data and Cognitive Computing. 2023 [acceso 07/05/2025]; 7 (1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc7010010
26. Farhadi F, Barnes M, Sugito H, Sin J, Henderson E, Levy J. Applications of artificial intelligence in orthopaedic surgery. Frontiers Med Technol. 2022 [acceso 08/05/2025]; 4. Disponible en: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medical-technology/articles/10.3389/fmedt.2022.995526/full
27. Alshamrani M. IoT and artificial intelligence implementations for remote healthcare monitoring systems: A survey. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences. 2022 [acceso 05/05/2025]; 34 (8). Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319157821001385
28. Esmaeilzadeh P, Mirzaei T, Dharanikota S. Patients’ Perceptions Toward Human–Artificial Intelligence Interaction in Health Care: Experimental Study. Journal Med Internet Res. 2021 [acceso 06/05/2025]; 23 (11). Disponible en: https://www.jmir.org/2021/11/e25856/citations
29. Iqbal M, Javed Z, Sadia H. et al. Clinical applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in cancer diagnosis: looking into the future. Cancer Cell Int. 2021 [acceso 07/05/2025]; 21 (270). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-021-01981-1
30. Isbanner S, O’Shaughnessy P, Steel D, Wilcock S, Carter S. The Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care and Social Services in Australia: Findings From a Methodologically Innovative National Survey of Values and Attitudes (the AVA-AI Study). Journal Med Internet Res. 2022 [acceso 08/05/2025]; 24 (8). Disponible en: https://www.jmir.org/2022/8/e37611/
31. Varghese C, Harrison E, O’Grady G, Topo E. Artificial intelligence in surgery. Nature Medicine. 2024 [acceso 05/06/2025]; 30- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-02970-3
32. Colborn K, Brat G, Callcut R. Predictive Analytics and Artificial Intelligence in Surgery—Opportunities and Risks. JAMA Surg. 2023 [acceso 04/06/2025]; 158 (4). Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/article-abstract/2800091
33. Gupta N, Kumar P. Perspective of artificial intelligence in healthcare data management: A journey towards precision medicine. Computers in Biology and Medicine. 2023. [acesso 01/06/2025]; 162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107051
34. Khullar D, Casalino L, Qian Y, Krumholz H, Aneja S. Perspectives of Patients About Artificial Intelligence in Health Care. Jama Network Open. 2022. [acceso 02/06/2025]; 5 (5). Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2791851
35. Kishor A, Chakraborty C. Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things Based Healthcare 4.0 Monitoring System. Wireless Pers Commun. 2022 [acceso 10/05/2025]; 127. Disponible en: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11277-021-08708-5
36. Khalid N, Qayyum A, Bilal M, Fuqaha A, Qadir J. Privacy-preserving artificial intelligence in healthcare: Techniques and applications. Computers in Biology and Medicine. 2023. [acceso 03/06/2025];158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106848
37. Lalama M, Lalama M, López C, Reyes M. Perspectiva de los profesionales de la salud ante adopción de inteligencia artificial en la salud. Revista metropolitana de ciencias aplicadas. 2025. [acceso 04/06/2025]; 8 (2). Disponible en: https://remca.umet.edu.ec/index.php/REMCA/article/view/873/843
38. Kitaguchi D, Takeshita N, Hasegawa H, Ito M. Artificial intelligence-based computer vision in surgery: Recent advances and future perspectives. Annals of Gastroenterological Surgery. 2021 [acceso 07/06/2025]; 6 (1). Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ags3.12513
39. Wani U, Khan N, Thakur G, Gautam S, Ali M, Alam P, Alshehri S, Ghoneim M, Shakeel F. Utilization of Artificial Intelligence in Disease Prevention: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Implications for the Healthcare Workforce. Healthcare. 2022 [acceso 07/06/2025]; 10 (4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040608
40. Andreatta P, Smith C, Graybill J, Bowyer M, Elster E. Challenges and opportunities for artificial intelligence in surgery. The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation. 2021 [acceso 05/06/2025]; 19 (2). Disponible en: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/15485129211022855.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jorge Leodan Cabrera Olvera, Gema Victoria Pinargote Zambrano , Silvia Gabriela Villaprado Vélez , Landy María Carreño Navia , Franklin Antonio Vite Solorzano (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.
