Exploring Academic Librarians’ Perception towards Artificial Intelligence in Nigerian Polytechnics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/ai2025438Keywords:
Librarians, artificial intelligence, academic library, library services, Nigerian polytechnicAbstract
Introduction: Artificial intelligence is increasingly shaping library practices worldwide. Although Nigerian academic libraries are gradually embracing digital technologies, little is known about how librarians in polytechnic institutions interpret the integration of artificial intelligence in their work environment.
Objective: The study aimed to examine the perceptions of academic librarians in Nigerian polytechnics regarding the adoption of artificial intelligence in library operations.
Method: A survey design using mixed methods was employed. Quantitative data were collected from fifty academic librarians, while qualitative insights were obtained from five heads of ICT or automation units. Participants were purposefully selected from five polytechnic libraries in the South South region of Nigeria. Descriptive statistics and narrative analysis were used to analyse the data.
Results: The study shows that librarians are aware of artificial intelligence and acknowledge its value in improving library services. However, concerns about job security and institutional readiness influence their attitudes toward adoption. While respondents recognise the potential of artificial intelligence to enhance user satisfaction and operational efficiency, they also highlight the need for adequate training and supportive infrastructure.
Conclusion: The perceptions of librarians reflect both enthusiasm and caution toward artificial intelligence adoption. To ensure meaningful integration, institutions must invest in capacity development, strategic planning, and supportive policies. Strengthening the digital competence of librarians will be essential for sustaining their relevance and ensuring effective participation in emerging technological landscapes.
References
1. Shahzad, K., Khan, S. A., Iqbal, A., & Javeed, A. M. D. (2024). Identifying university librarians’ readiness to adopt artificial intelligence (AI) for innovative learning experiences and smart library services: an empirical investigation. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-12-2023-0496
2. Acemoglu, D. and Restrepo, P. (2020). Robots and jobs: Evidence from US Labour Markets.Journal of Political Economy. 128(6), 2188–2244 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/705716
3. Asemi, A., Ko, A., & Nowkarizi, M. (2021). Intelligent libraries: a review on expert systems, artificial intelligence, and robots. Library Hi Tech, 39(2), 412-434. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-02-2020-0038
4. Tella, A. (2020). Robots are coming to the libraries are librarians ready to accommodate them? Library Hi Tech News, 37(8), 13–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHTN-05-2020-0047 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LHTN-05-2020-0047
5. Huang, Y. H. (2024). Exploring the implementation of artificial intelligence applications among academic libraries in Taiwan. Library Hi Tech, 42(3), 885-905. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-03-2022-0159
6. Xu, C., & Loo, S. (2025). A review of artificial intelligence applications in libraries in Southeast Asia: where are we now?. Reference Services Review, 53(1), 66-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/RSR-06-2024-0027
7. Yoon, J., Andrews, J. E., & Ward, H. L. (2022). Perceptions on adopting artificial intelligence and related technologies in libraries: public and academic librarians in North America. Library Hi Tech, 40(6), 1893-1915. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-07-2021-0229
8. Cox, A. M., & Wang, X. (2025). Artificial intelligence in libraries: The emerging research agenda. IFLA journal, 51(3), 567-569. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/03400352251365278
9. Elsayed, A. M., & Abusharhah, M. M. (2025). Artificial Intelligence adoption, perceptions, and ethical literacy among Arab academic librarians: A survey. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 51(5), 103083. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2025.103083
10. Kalbande, D., Yuvaraj, M., Verma, M. K., A, S., Suradkar, P., & Chavan, S. (2024). Exploring the integration of artificial intelligence in academic libraries: a study on librarians’ perspectives in India. Open Information Science, 8(1), 20240006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/opis-2024-0006
11. Molaudzi, A. I., & Marutha, N. (2025). Contributory factors to attitudes towards the adoption of artificial intelligence technology in public academic libraries in South Africa. Information Development, 41(3), 615-625. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/02666669241304704
12. Sang, L. J. (2025). Adopting artificial intelligence in Kenyan academic libraries: Analyzing through the technology-organization-environment framework. Library Management, 46(1/2), 29-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LM-03-2024-0029
13. Lau, J., Tammaro, A. M., Miltenoff, P., Begum, D., Zanichelli, F., Orru, D., ... & Santiago, E. (2025). Factors Driving Artificial Intelligence (AI) Adoption in Italy, Mexico, Bulgaria, and Bangladesh: A Comparative Qualitative Study of Library Professionals. International Information & Library Review, 57(3), 275-290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10572317.2025.2529723
14. Barsha, S., & Munshi, S. A. (2024). Implementing artificial intelligence in library services: a review of current prospects and challenges of developing countries. Library Hi Tech News, 41(1), 7-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LHTN-07-2023-0126
15. Harisanty, D., Anna, N. E. V., Putri, T. E., Firdaus, A. A., & Noor Azizi, N. A. (2024). Leaders, practitioners and scientists' awareness of artificial intelligence in libraries: a pilot study. Library Hi Tech, 42(3), 809-825. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-10-2021-0356
16. Haris, M., Ansari, A. J., Malik, B. A., Lund, B. D., & Ali, N. (2025). Artificial intelligence in academic libraries: a survey of users’ perception and adoption. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-09-2024-0585
17. Abayomi, O. K., Adenekan, F. N., Abayomi, A. O., Ajayi, T. A., & Aderonke, A. O. (2021). Awareness and perception of the artificial intelligence in the management of university libraries in Nigeria. Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Electronic Reserve, 29(1-2), 13-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1072303X.2021.1918602
18. Ajani, Y. A., Tella, A., Salawu, K. Y., & Abdullahi, F. (2022). Perspectives of librarians on awareness and readiness of academic libraries to integrate artificial intelligence for library operations and services in Nigeria. Internet Reference Services Quarterly, 26(4), 213-230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10875301.2022.2086196
19. Owolabi, K. A., Okorie, N. C., Yemi-Peters, O. E., Oyetola, S. O., Bello, T. O., & Oladokun, B. D. (2022). Readiness of academic librarians towards the use of robotic technologies in Nigerian university libraries. Library management, 43(3/4), 296-305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LM-11-2021-0104
20. Oladokun, B. D. (2025). Facilitating conditions and adoption of robotic technologies in libraries of federal universities of technology in Nigeria. Alexandria, https://doi.org/10.1177/09557490251393038 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/09557490251393038
21. Oladokun, B. D., Abduldayan, F. J., & Akanbiemu, A. A. (2025). Leave No one Behind: Empowering Librarians with AI Skills and Competencies in the Libraries of 5IR. New Review of Academic Librarianship, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13614533.2025.2524795 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13614533.2025.2524795
22. Oladokun, B. D., Josiah Okai, E. D., Kolawole, D. T. O., Okorie, J. N., & Okamgba, J. O. (2025). Knowledge and usage of artificial intelligence technologies among library and information science educators in Nigerian universities. Alexandria, https://doi.org/10.1177/09557490251378743 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/09557490251378743
23. Oladokun, B. D., Enakrire, R. T., Okai, E. D. J., & Owolabi, K. A. (2025). The double-edged sword of AI: librarians’ perceptions of job displacement and polarization. The Electronic Library, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-03-2025-0100 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-03-2025-0100
24. Oladokun, B.D., Owolabi, A.K., Aboyade, M.A., Wiche, H.I. and Aboyade, W.A. (2023), Emergence of robotic technologies: implications for Nigerian academic libraries, Library Hi Tech News, 40(6), 15-18. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHTN-02-2023-0031 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LHTN-02-2023-0031
25. Shahzad, K., Khan, S. A., & Iqbal, A. (2025). Factors influencing the adoption of robotic technologies in academic libraries: A systematic literature review (SLR). Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 57(3), 687-704. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/09610006241231012
26. Li, D. (2024). Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Public and Private Libraries of China: Determinants, Challenges, and Perceived Benefits. Profesional de la información, 33(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2024.ene.0416
27. Okunlaya, R. O., Syed Abdullah, N., & Alias, R. A. (2022). Artificial intelligence (AI) library services innovative conceptual framework for the digital transformation of university education. Library Hi Tech, 40(6), 1869-1892. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-07-2021-0242
28. Storey, M. A., Hoda, R., Milani, A. M. P., & Baldassarre, M. T. (2024). Guidelines for Using Mixed and Multi Methods Research in Software Engineering. arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.06011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-025-10629-x
29. Andrews, J. E., Ward, H., & Yoon, J. (2021). UTAUT as a model for understanding intention to adopt AI and related technologies among librarians. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 47(6), 102437. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2021.102437
30. Lund, B. D., Omame, I., Tijani, S., &Agbaji, D. (2020). Perceptions toward artificial intelligence among academic library employees and alignment with the diffusion of innovations’ adopter categories. College & Research Libraries, 81(5), 865. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.81.5.865
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Bolaji David Oladokun, Magnus Osahon Igbinovia, Ebiere Diana Orubebe, Iyanu Emmanuel Olatunbosun (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.

